|
زمان گذشته
استمراري
The Past Continuous
Tense |
تعريف و موارد استعمال
براي بيان عملي كه در ضمن
انجام شدن آن عمل ديگري اتفاق افتاده است مانند وقتي به خانه مي آمدم باران
باريد
فرمول
| فاعل + Were _Was + To مصدر بدون
+ ing |
|
او صحبت مي كرد |
او بازي مي كرد |
شما در حال ساختن
بوديد |
مثال |
| We were speaking |
She was playing |
You were making |
مثبت |
| Were we speaking? |
Was she playing? |
Were you making? |
روش
سؤالي |
| We weren't speaking |
She wasn't
playing |
You weren't making |
روش
منفي |
| weren't we
speaking? |
Wasn't she playing? |
Weren't you making? |
روش
منفي سؤالي |
|
زمان گذشته
كامل يا ماضي بعيد
The Past Perfect |
تعريف و موارد استعمال
براي بيان عملي كه در گذشته
قبل از عمل ذيگري انجام شده و خاتمه يابد مانند كتابي كه خريده بودم خواندم
فرمول
| فاعل + had + قسمت سوم فعل |
| آنها رفته بودند |
او نوشته بود |
من شسته بودم |
مثال |
| They had gone |
She had written |
I had washed |
مثبت |
| Had they gone? |
Had she written? |
Had I washed? |
روش سؤالي |
| They hadn't gone |
She hadn't written |
I hadn't washed |
روش منفي |
| Hadn't they gone? |
Hadn't she written? |
Hadn't I washed? |
روش منفي سؤالي |
1 نكته
به معني قبل يا پيش در جمله
گذشته كامل بعد ازقيد زمان قرار مي گيرد Before كلمه
2 نكته
| گذشته ساده + After + ماضي بعيد |
مثال
او بعد از آنكه سؤالات را
خوانده بود جوابها را نوشت
He wrote the answers after he had read the questions
| ماضي بعيد + Before +
گذشته ساده |
مثال
پروين گفت كه او خانه را ترك
كرده بود قبل از آن كه مريم بيايد
Parvin said that she had left the house before maryam came
|
زمان
گذشته كامل استمراري
The past perfect continuous |
تعريف و موارد استعمال
براي بيان عملي كه قبل از
عمل ديگري در گذشته ادامه داشته و بعد از آن نيز ادامه خواهد داشت اين زمان نيز
در زبان فارسي وجود ندارد
مانند
من مشغول خريد بودم كه او را ديدم
فرمول
| فاعل + Had been + To مصدر بدون
+ Ing |
| ما در حال پاك كردن بوديم |
او در حال مطالعه بود |
شما در حال خريد بوديد |
مثال |
| We had been cleaning |
He had been studing |
You had been buying |
مثبت |
| Had we been cleaning? |
Had he been studing? |
Had you been buying? |
روش سؤالي |
| We hadn't been cleaning |
He hadn't been studing |
You hadn't been buying |
روش منفي |
| Hadn't we been cleaning? |
Hadn't he been studing? |
Hadn't you been buying? |
روش منفي سؤالي |
نكته
ترجمه هاي بالا در اصل
بايستي بدين صورت باشند شما در حال خريد بوده بوديد و غيره كه چون ترجمه ظرافت
خود را از دست مي دهد اين جملات به صورت بالا ترجمه مي شود |
